[4] There was, however, another prominent Eleanor before her—Eleanor of Normandy, an aunt of William the Conqueror, who lived a century earlier than Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was joined by troops sent by his brother Geoffrey and Philip II of France. A marriage between Henry and Eleanor's daughter Marie had earlier been declared impossible due to their status as third cousins once removed. As the heir of the House of Poitiers, rulers in southwestern France, she was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in western Europe during the High Middle Ages. She actively prepared for Richard’s coronation as king, was administrator of the realm during his Crusade to the Holy Land, and, after his capture by the duke of Austria on Richard’s return from the east, collected his ransom and went in person to escort him to England. Henry obtains a dispensation from Pope Julius II so that the widow Catherine of Aragon can remarry with her younger son, the future Henry VIII. The sons were William, who died at the age of three; Henry; Richard, the Lionheart; Geoffrey, duke of Brittany; and John, surnamed Lackland until, having outlived all his brothers, he inherited, in 1199, the crown of England. Eleanor played a key role in raising the ransom demanded from England by Henry VI and in the negotiations with the Holy Roman Emperor that eventually secured Richard's release. In addition, having been close to him in their youth, she now showed what was considered to be "excessive affection" towards her uncle. Eleanor became the heir presumptive to her father's domains. [8] Eleanor rode to Westminster and received the oaths of fealty from many lords and prelates on behalf of the king. Historical fiction author Elizabeth Chadwick wrote a three-volume series about Eleanor: The Summer Queen (2013), The Winter Crown (2014) and The Autumn Throne (2016). Upon the death of her husband Henry II on 6 July 1189, Richard I was the undisputed heir. Eleanor (or Aliénor) was the oldest of three children of William X, Duke of Aquitaine, whose glittering ducal court was renowned in early 12th-century Europe, and his wife, Aenor de Châtellerault, the daughter of Aimery I, Viscount of Châtellerault, and Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard, who was William IX's longtime mistress as well as Eleanor's maternal grandmother. Between 1190 and 1194, Richard was absent from England, engaged in the Third Crusade from 1190 to 1192, and then held in captivity by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. Her contribution to England extended beyond her own lifetime; after the loss of Normandy (1204), it was her own ancestral lands and not the old Norman territories that remained loyal to England. Marriage to Henry II and administration of England, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eleanor-of-Aquitaine, Heritage History - Biography of Eleanor of Aquitaine, British Broadcasting Corporation - Biography of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Eleanor of Aquitaine - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Eleanor of Aquitaine, Richard I, and Henry II. [4] Although her native tongue was Poitevin, she was taught to read and speak Latin, was well versed in music and literature, and schooled in riding, hawking, and hunting. Yet despite his impending death, Louis's mind remained clear. More than a thousand people who sought refuge in the church there died in the flames. Damascus was a major wealthy trading centre and was under normal circumstances a potential threat, but the rulers of Jerusalem had recently entered into a truce with the city, which they then forswore. She celebrated Easter in Bordeaux, where the famous warrior Mercadier came to her court. This vase is the only object connected with Eleanor of Aquitaine that still survives. In Penman's historical mysteries, Eleanor, as Richard's regent, sends squire Justin de Quincy on various missions, often an investigation of a situation involving Prince John. Adelaide was one of the most politically active of all France's medieval queens. Archbishop Samson of Reims acted for Eleanor. Much money went into making the austere Cité Palace in Paris more comfortable for Eleanor's sake.[12]. She and Blanche rode in easy stages to the valley of the Loire, and she entrusted Blanche to the archbishop of Bordeaux, who took over as her escort. During her childbearing years, she participated actively in the administration of the realm and even more actively in the management of her own domains. 1120-1180) was king of France from 1137 to 1180. The Crusade itself achieved little. As a wedding present she gave Louis a rock crystal vase {fr}, currently on display at the Louvre. Louis VII of France, king Henry II¶s long-time rival, and William the Lion, king of the Scots. Ms. S. Berry, senior archivist at the Somerset Archive and Record Service, identified this "archdeacon of Wells" as Thomas of Earley, noting his family ties to Henry II and the Earleys' philanthropies. The Crossword Solver finds answers to American-style crosswords, British-style crosswords, general knowledge crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. When Patrick was killed in a skirmish, Eleanor, who proceeded to ransom his captured nephew, the young William Marshal, was left in control of her lands. The annulment gave Eleanor back Aquitaine and Poitou, which she took with her eight weeks later to Henry, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy, to whom, incidentally, she was just as closely related as she had been to Louis. Children born to a marriage that was later annulled were not at risk of being "bastardised," because "[w]here parties married in good faith, without knowledge of an impediment, ... children of the marriage were legitimate." The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress—Motion Picture Drama, The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men, Berengaria, queen regnant of Castile and queen of León, https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/williamofnewburgh-two.asp#7, https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000p6dv, "Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Brother Who Never Was", Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings (1978 edition), Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Biography; (1991 edition), Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life (2008 edition), Eleanor of Aquitaine: The Mother Queen of the Middle Ages (2014 edition), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleanor_of_Aquitaine&oldid=1019700021, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2016, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2011, Short description is different from Wikidata, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2011, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2015, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 April 2021, at 22:24. She left for the Second Crusade from Vézelay, the rumoured location of Mary Magdalene's grave, in June 1147. Their two daughters were, however, declared legitimate. Eleanor is the subject of A Proud Taste for Scarlet and Miniver, a children's novel by E.L. Konigsburg. Henry’s sons, urged on by their mother and by a coalition of his enemies, raised a rebellion throughout his domains in 1173. While presenting a solemn and dignified face to the grieving Aquitainian messengers, Louis exulted when they departed. On 21 March 1152, the marriage of Louis VII of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine was finally dissolved. About four miles from Shrewsbury and close by Haughmond Abbey is "Queen Eleanor's Bower", the remains of a triangular castle which is believed to have been one of her prisons. Also Norah Lofts wrote a fictionalized biography of her, entitled in various editions Queen in Waiting or Eleanor the Queen, and including some romanticized episodes — starting off with the young Eleanor planning to elope with a young knight, who is killed out of hand by her guardian, in order to facilitate her marriage to the King's son. A bitter feud arose between the king and Thomas Becket, initially his chancellor and closest adviser and later the archbishop of Canterbury. On January 6, 1169, Louis VII and Henry II of England ratified the Treaty of Montmirail. Eleanor of Aquitaine was born about 1122, the daughter and heiress of William X, duke of Aquitaine and count of Poitiers. The notion that she had another half-brother, William, has been discredited. She was patron of literary figures such as Wace, Benoît de Sainte-Maure, and Bernart de Ventadorn. Author of, Eleanor of Aquitaine marrying Louis VII in 1137 (left scene) and Louis VII departing on the Second Crusade (1147), drawing from. "[29] One source claimed that the queen sent her younger sons to France "to join with him against their father the king. [8] Andreas wrote for the court of the king of France, where Eleanor was not held in esteem. Such disobedience was reportedly common. She introduced those conventions in her own lands on the island of Oléron in 1160 (with the "Rolls of Oléron") and later in England as well. Eleanor's daughter, Queen Eleanor of Castile, had two remaining unmarried daughters, Urraca and Blanche. He was the son and successor of King Louis VI and married Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine, one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in western Europe. In mid-July, Eleanor's ship finally reached Palermo in Sicily, where she discovered that she and her husband had both been given up for dead. She was also blamed for the size of the baggage train and the fact that her Aquitanian soldiers had marched at the front and thus were not involved in the fight. [27] Amy Kelly, in her article, "Eleanor of Aquitaine and Her Courts of Love," gives a very plausible description of the origins of the rules of Eleanor's court: "In the Poitevin code, man is the property, the very thing of woman; whereas a precisely contrary state of things existed in the adjacent realms of the two kings from whom the reigning duchess of Aquitaine was estranged. Although he had been invested as such on 8 August 1137, a messenger gave him the news that Louis VI had died of dysentery on 1 August while he and Eleanor were making a tour of the provinces. The effigy on her tomb shows a tall and large-boned woman with brown skin, though this may not be an accurate representation. Eleanor was queen consort to Louis VII (1137–52) of France and Henry II of England (1152–1204). Father was Duke William X of Aquitaine. She died in 1204 at the monastery at Fontevrault, Anjou, where she had retired after the campaign at Mirebeau. She was not released until 6 July 1189, when her husband Henry died and their third son, Richard the Lionheart, ascended the throne. Still without a son and in danger of being left with no male heir, as well as facing substantial opposition to Eleanor from many of his barons and her own desire for annulment, Louis bowed to the inevitable. In a matter of weeks, peace had returned to France: Theobald's provinces were returned and Pierre de la Chatre was installed as archbishop of Bourges. She was perhaps the most powerful woman in 12th-century Europe. "[30] Once her sons had left for Paris, Eleanor may have encouraged the lords of the south to rise up and support them.[8]. William had anticipated her value and had her betrothed to the soon to be Louis VII who was approximately two years older, the marriage took place in July of 1137, around which time both William and Louis VI passed away, and the Aquitaine lands passed as dowry to her husband. She did not have the opportunity to see her sons very often during her imprisonment, though she was released for special occasions such as Christmas. She certainly left for her own city of Poitiers immediately after Christmas. Eleanor then returned to Fontevraud where she took the veil as a nun. In the 1968 film The Lion in Winter, Eleanor is played by Katharine Hepburn, who won the third of her four Academy Awards for Best Actress for her portrayal, and Henry again is portrayed by O'Toole. He proclaimed that no word could be spoken against it, and that it might not be dissolved under any pretext. The revolt failed, and Eleanor was captured while seeking refuge in the kingdom of her first husband, Louis VII. Eleanor selected the younger daughter, Blanche. This was duly lifted for long enough to allow Theobald's lands to be restored; it was then lowered once more when Raoul refused to repudiate Petronilla, prompting Louis to return to Champagne and ravage it once more. The Crossword Solver found 20 answers to the wife of henry ii crossword clue. [b] Eleanor reputedly had a dream in which she foresaw her son Henry's death. Her grandmother Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen of England, traveled to Spain to take the 11-year-old Blanche to France, where a marriage treaty was concluded with Louis, the young son of King Philip II Augustus. He claims that Eleanor, her daughter Marie, Ermengarde, Viscountess of Narbonne, and Isabelle of Flanders would sit and listen to the quarrels of lovers and act as a jury to the questions of the court that revolved around acts of romantic love. On the day set for the crossing of Mount Cadmus, Louis chose to take charge of the rear of the column, where the unarmed pilgrims and the baggage trains marched. … During Richard's absence, royal authority in England was represented by a Council of Regency in conjunction with a succession of chief justiciars – William de Longchamp (1190–1191), Walter de Coutances (1191–1193), and finally Hubert Walter. She has been played by Martita Hunt in The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952), Jill Esmond in the British TV adventure series The Adventures of Robin Hood (1955–1960), Phyllis Neilson-Terry in the British TV adventure series Ivanhoe (1958), Yvonne Mitchell in the BBC TV drama series The Legend of Robin Hood (1975), Siân Phillips in the TV series Ivanhoe (1997), and Tusse Silberg in the TV series The New Adventures of Robin Hood (1997). The terms included the betrothal of Alys to Henry’s son Richard. Louis d'Orléans was born on 27 June 1462 in the Château de Blois, Touraine (in the modern French department of Loir-et-Cher). In her youth, Eleanor was widely regarded as beautiful and was considered capricious and frivolous. When she was around 30, Bernard de Ventadour, a noted troubadour, called her "gracious, lovely, the embodiment of charm," extolling her "lovely eyes and noble countenance" and declaring that she was "one meet to crown the state of any king.
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