Announced to PARLIAMENT in May 1468, two months before Margaret’s wedding in Burgundy, the AngloBurgundian agreement convinced Louis XI to facilitate the reconciliation of Warwick and MARGARET OF ANJOU, an alliance that enabled the earl to overthrow Edward IV and restore HENRY VI in the autumn of 1470 (see Angers Agreement; Edward IV, Overthrow of). Margaret left Margate for Sluys on 23 June 1468. Margaret of York would give birth to a son named Philip of Burgundy … They forced his hand: on 23 December 1482, the Three Estates of the Lowlands signed the Treaty of Arras with Louis XI, granting him the Burgundian Lowlands, Picardy and the county of Boulogne. Margaret of Bavaria, (1363 – January 1424, Dijon), was Duchess of Burgundy by marriage to John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy. A complex agreement was drawn up between England and Burgundy, covering mutual defence, trade, currency exchange, fishing rights and freedom of travel, all based on the marriage between the Duke and Margaret. ... Joan, the remaining daughter of Louis X by Margaret of Burgundy, was one obvious candidate, but suspicion still hung over her as a result of the scandal in 1314, including concerns over her actual parentage. In early 1423, Philip the Good entered into an alliance with Duke John V of Brittany and Henry's regent, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. Margaret presented the crown to the Church of Our Lady during a visit to Aachen in 1475. ", Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, Little Guide to the Treasury of Aachen Cathedral, English, Notes on the 1468 wedding, especially its music, Burgundian Netherlands court life, reflected in collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_of_York&oldid=1017218269, Articles with dead external links from March 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 April 2021, at 14:55. Warbeck was probably an imposter, and would be locked up in the Tower of London and subsequently executed by Henry VII. Margaret married Dauphin Louis, while her only brother, Philip the Good, married Louis' sister Michelle. Margaret was however dealt a devastating blow in 1482: her much loved step-daughter, Mary, fell from her horse whilst hunting, and broke her back. In the 2017 German-Austrian TV series Maximilian about Maximilian I and Mary of Burgundy, she was portrayed by French actress Alix Poisson. William Caxton, who introduced the new art of printing into the Kingdom of England and was a staunch Yorkist supporter, counted Margaret as one of his patrons. She had no children of her own. He met Mary there—they were both "pale as death", but found each other to their mutual liking—and Margaret took part in the traditional courtly games of love, telling Maximilian before the assembled nobility that his bride "had about her a carnation it behoved him to discover." Pot explained to her the necessity of an alliance with Brittany and told her that Bedford had created Arthur Duke of Touraine. The injuries were fatal, and Mary died on 27 March. She returned with him to Paris when the French regained control of the city in 1436. She was born at Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, in the Kingdom of England, and she died at Mechelen in the Low Countries. The parades, the streets lined with tapestry hung from houses, the feasting, the masques and allegorical entertainments, the jewels, impressed all observers as "the marriage of the century". Being only 13 years old, she needed all the help she could get. She had always been regarded as a skilful and intelligent politician; now, she went beyond even that. Her official escort: Anthony Woodville. Born in late 1393, Margaret was the eldest child and the first of six daughters of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria. By April 1471, Edward was back in England: Margaret followed events carefully, requesting meticulous details of events in England, and was pleased to note the reconciliation between her brothers George and Edward. Her father was, at the time, Count of Nevers and heir apparent to the Duchy of Burgundy ruled by his father, Philip the Bold. On 27 June, she met Charles for the first time, and the pair were privately married between 5am and 6am on 3 July, in the house of a wealthy merchant of Damme. The new Duke of Burgundy was now Margaret’s brother Philip. She strongly advised Mary to accept Maximilian's suit, and marry him immediately; he arrived in Burgundy on 5 August 1477, and by 17 August had arrived at Ten Waele Castle, in Ghent. Margaret was unable to secure assistance from Edward IV, who had made a truce with France; consequently, she and Maximilian were forced to accept the fait accompli. Louis accordingly tried to break the two apart, by offering the hand of his elder daughter, Anne, to Charles, that of his younger daughter, Joan, to Edward's youngest brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and that of his brother-in-law, Philip of Bresse, to Margaret. Negotiations between the Duke's mother, Isabella, and the King of England's in-laws, Lord Scales and Earl Rivers, then proceeded between December 1467 and June 1468. The Burgundians were now sick of war, and unwilling to accept the rule of Maximilian as regent for his son, the 4-year-old Duke Philip, or even as guardian of the children. Even so, by 4 January 1471, Charles had agreed to support the King-in-exile in regaining the English throne, and this renewal of friendship between the two men was followed by Edward visiting Margaret at Hesdin until 13 January, the first time the pair had seen one another since Margaret's departure from England. Edward IV immediately fled to his sister and brother-in-law in Burgundy… She offered financial backing to support his attempt to take the throne, hiring continental mercenaries to accompany him on an expedition to England in 1495. In the video game Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood, there is a contract mission in London where Margaret is killed on behalf of Henry VII. Mary of Burgundy (1457–1482)Duchess of Burgundy, countess of Flanders, and archduchess of Austria, who fought to save her land from France and preserved what was to become the modern country of Belgium . He died in 1404, and was succeeded by Margaret's father. With the death of Richard, the House of York ceased to rule in England. She also features in Easter Smith's 2009 The King's Grace. This made Margaret a far more valuable bride than she had been as the mere daughter of a duke. KING HENRY VII, of England, was the first of the Tudor dynasty.His claim to the throne was through his mother, Margaret Beaufort, from John of Gaunt and Catherine Swynford, whose issue born before their marriage had been legitimated by parliament. The Orléans faction had enacted their revenge. Her brother Edward arranged a marriage for her that was one of the most brilliants matches of the century. Burgundy was far from safe: the Duchy of Burgundy itself had already been conquered by the French, who were continuing to attack from all sides, taking advantage of the state's instability. Margaret proved to be a devoted wife, protecting her husband when he fell out with Charles VII and managing his estates while he was at the battlefield. For her own part, Margaret's family were far more powerful and secure than they had been in 1454: her father had been killed at the Battle of Wakefield on 30 December 1460, but her brother was now King Edward IV, opposed ineffectively only by Margaret of Anjou and her son, Edward of Westminster. Interestingly, Margaret of York (sister to Edward IV and Richard III) became a proponent of Perkin's while he was in Burgundy in the late 1480s. Margaret of Burgundy, Jeanne’s mother. To her step-daughter, Mary, now Duchess of Burgundy, she gave immeasurable guidance and help: using her own experiences in the court of Edward IV, where she had largely avoided being used as a pawn and contributed to the arrangement of her own marriage, she wisely guided the Duchess in deciding her marriage; against the wave of marriage offers that flooded to the two duchesses in Ghent (from the recently widowed Duke of Clarence, from the 7-year-old Dauphin of France, Charles, from a brother of Edward IV's wife, Elizabeth Woodville), she stood firm, and advised Mary to marry Maximilian of Habsburg, the 18-year-old son of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III, to whom Charles the Bold had betrothed Mary, and who was ambitious and active enough, in Margaret's opinion, to defend Mary's legacy. While Margaret continued to be involved in the politics of Burgundy, she found time to support the claims of yet another pretender, Perkin Warbeck, who claimed to be Richard, one of the missing sons of Edward IV who were presumed to have been killed in the Tower of London sometime after Richard III had them … But Edward has arranged for his sister to wed Charles, son of the Duke of Burgundy, and soon Margaret is setting sail for her new life. A good-looking woman, but (rarely for the hyperbole of her age) never described as beautiful, Margaret had fine features, and was, at almost 6 feet, very tall, a feature accentuated by her slimness, and her straight and upright bearing. Because of this, when the Duke of York came to power in 1453–54, during Henry VI's first period of insanity, negotiations were made between himself and Isabella for a marriage between Charles the Bold, then Count of Charolais, and one of York's unmarried daughters, of whom the 8-year-old Margaret was the youngest. This "patronage" may be more advertising than analogous to traditional medieval patronage. Peter was himself a nephew of Duchess Isabella of Burgundy, and the betrothal thus signified an attempt to placate Burgundy. Her death in that year allowed her to be spared the grief of Philip's untimely death of typhoid fever in 1506. Arthur remarried within a year; both his subsequent marriages were also childless. Margaret’s brother-in-law Jasper Tudor would take care of her for the rest of her pregnancy. She eventually yielded, and the marriage was celebrated on 10 October 1423. Philip the Good had died, and Charles the Bold had become Duke of Burgundy. Other supporters included Maximilian, King of the Romans and later Emperor, James IV of Scotland, and Sir William Stanley (brother of Thomas, who helped Henry Tudor win the Battle of Bosworth). However, Charles chose not to press the claim, finding it more to his advantage to maintain his support of Edward IV. A presentation copy of Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, the first book printed in the English language (late 1473 – early 1474), has a specially made engraving showing Caxton presenting the book to Margaret. Upon their father's assassination in 1419, Philip the Good became Duke of Burgundy. Because of this, Charles sent his close advisor, Guillaume de Clugny, to London weeks after the death of his wife, to propose to Edward IV a marriage between himself and Margaret. Margaret of York (3 May 1446 – 23 November 1503)—also by marriage known as Margaret of Burgundy—was Duchess of Burgundy as the third wife of Charles the Bold and acted as a protector of the Burgundian State after his death. Margaret later became Duchess of Burgundy. The following day, she met with her bridegroom's mother, Isabella, and daughter, Mary; the meeting was a success, and the three of them would remain close friends for the rest of their lives. Margaret was also active in successful negotiations to persuade George Duke of Clarence to switch sides. [2] Despite Louis XI having ordered his ships to seize her on her journey, her convoy crossed without incident, reaching Sluys on the evening of the 25th. Margaret is the major character in the 2008 novel A Daughter of York by Anne Easter Smith. On 12 April 1385, at the Burgundian double wedding in Cambrai, she married John, Count of Nevers, the son and heir of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy and Margaret of Dampierre, Countess of Flanders, Artois and Burgundy; at the same time her brother, William II, Duke of Bavaria married Margaret of Burgundy. The next year, he was summoned back to Austria by his father, the Emperor; Burgundy was left to be governed by Margaret together with the Burgundian Estates, both of whom also undertook the guardianship of the young Duke Philip, although Maximilian continued to take a distant interest in the country, and a greater interest in his children. Edward responded warmly, and in spring 1466 sent his brother-in-law, Lord Scales, to Burgundy, where Scales made a formal offer of Margaret's hand in marriage to Charles, and put forward Edward's own proposal of a reciprocal marriage between Charles' daughter Mary and Edward's brother, George, 1st Duke of Clarence. This marriage, celebrated on 12 April 1385 in Cambrai , would later influence the union of Hainaut and Holland with Burgundy and Flanders, as carried out by Margaret's nephew Philip the Good . Edward showed interest in the latter two propositions, offending Charles the Bold, and delaying the Anglo-Burgundian relations. Margaret of Burgundy (French: Marguerite; 1290 – 30 April 1315) was Queen of France and Navarre as the first wife of Louis X of France (and Louis I of Navarre) .. He died in 1404, and was succeeded by Margaret's father. The young Margaret falls deeply in love with Anthony Woodville, the married brother of Edward's queen, Elizabeth. He intended to reinforce the alliance by arranging marriages of his sisters, Anne and Margaret, with the Duke of Bedford and the Duke of Brittany's younger brother Arthur, Count of Richmond, respectively. See Rutter, Russell. In the city itself, wine spurted freely from sculpted archers and artificial pelicans in artificial trees; the canals were decorated with torches, and the bridges decked with flowers; the arms of the happy couple were displayed everywhere, accompanied by the mottoes of the pair: Charles's Je l'ay emprins ("I have undertaken it") and Margaret's Bien en aviengne ("May good come of it"). For his own part, Charles dowered Margaret with the cities of Mechelen, Oudenaarde and Dendermonde. In 1488, he was taken prisoner in Bruges by the citizens, and was freed only upon making far-reaching concessions. The 2 knights in question, the D’Aunay brothers, were tortured and castrated before being brutally executed by being ‘broken on the wheel’ and decapitated. In appearance, she was utterly unlike the dark and burly Duke Charles the Bold, who was shorter than her: when they met for the first time, she was forced to bend in order to receive his kiss. Her older brother, Edward, became King in 1461 but had to abandon the throne at the end of the decade because of a conspiracy against him involving his cousin and his younger brother. Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, had turned against Edward IV, and was plotting against him with French support. The celebrations also included the "Tournament of the Golden Tree" that was arranged around an elaborately detailed allegory, designed to honor the bride. Margaret’s brother was moved by Richard to the household of his wife Anne, the sister of their mother, Isabel. Although the King of England, Henry VI, was the head of the House of Lancaster, his wife, Margaret of Anjou, was a niece of Burgundy's bitter enemy, Charles VII of France, and was herself an enemy of the Burgundians. Her eyes were grey, and her mouth was small; her smile allowed her to demonstrate her wry humour, her wit, and her graciousness. Source for information on Mary of Burgundy (1457–1482): Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia dictionary. Anne of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy. How much Jeanne would have known of these events is uncertain. In 1475 a matching crown was fashioned for the child."[4]. [2], Arthur soon became a very influential person at the royal court in Paris, and staunchly worked in the interests of Burgundy, especially during his marriage to Margaret. Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward IV (1477-85), page 217. Margaret of Savoy (d. 1254), married firstly on December 9, 1235 Boniface II of Montferrat, married secondly Aymar III, Count of Valentinois Yet, at the same time, Isabella and Charles struck against Margaret's family: with Henry VI and his son dead, Isabella was one of the most senior members of the House of Lancaster, and had a good claim to the English throne; this claim she legally transferred to Charles in July, which would allow Charles later that year to officially claim the English throne, despite the fact that his brother-in-law was the Yorkist King of England. [3], https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_of_Nevers&oldid=984180486, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 October 2020, at 17:37. Edward in such circumstances needed the support of Charles, and provided no further obstacles to the marriage negotiations, formally agreeing to it in October 1467. Life; Legacy; In fiction; Ancestry; References; Life. This was not the end of the problems for Margaret and Maximilian: the Netherlanders still disliked his rule of the territory. On 9 July 1394, Duke Philip and his mentally unstable nephew, King Charles VI of France, agreed that the former's first grandchild would marry the latter's son and heir apparent, Dauphin Charles. [2], Margaret was far from enthusiastic about remarrying and attempted to postpone or prevent the marriage by complaining that Arthur was still imprisoned by the English and that all her sisters had married dukes. Edward IV was successfully restored; Edward of Westminster, the son and heir of Henry VI, had died in battle, and Henry VI, who had been briefly restored, died in his cell in the Tower of London two weeks later. It thus remains one of only two medieval royal British crowns still surviving, the other being the Crown of Princess Blanche. A pawn in the dynastic struggles between her family and in-laws during the Hundred Years' War, Margaret was regarded as the future Queen of France at two separate times, as a result of her two marriages: first to the Dauphin and second to the Duke of Brittany. [6], Of the many illuminated manuscripts commissioned by Margaret when she was Duchess of Burgundy, one of the most celebrated is The Visions of Tondal, illustrated by Simon Marmion and currently in the Getty Museum (a facsimile has been published).[7]. Richard realised that George’s children and especially the young Earl, could still pose a threat to him, despite being barred from the throne by their father’s attainder. During this time, Louis XI did all he could to prevent the marriage, demanding that the Pope refuse to give a dispensation for the marriage (the pair were cousins in the fourth degree), promising trade favours to the English, undermining Edward's credit with the international bankers to prevent him being able to pay for Margaret's dowry, encouraging a Lancastrian invasion of Wales, and slandering Margaret, claiming that she was not a virgin and had borne a bastard son. A capable ruler, she proved a masterful Duchess; she was a Yorkist in sympathies, but she was before that the Duchess of Burgundy. Margaret consequently was a staunch supporter of anyone willing to challenge Tudor, and backed both Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck, even going so far as to acknowledge Warbeck as her nephew, the younger son of Edward IV, the Duke of York. Burgundy and Brittany eventually changed sides, joining Charles VII in his fight against the English. Henry and the spy network funded and managed by his mother, the other Margaret, of Beaufort, had combined threats and bribery to persuade Northumberland and the two Stanley brothers to break their oaths of allegiance, and betray Margaret’s real favourite brother Richard in 1485. Margaret of York (1446-1503) was the sister of two kings of England: Edward IV and Richard III and the wife of Charles the Bold (1433-1477), Duke of Burgundy, whom she married in 1468 and was aged 31 when he was killed in battle in 1477. Margaret's father-in-law died in 1422, and the English occupied a part of France in the name of his infant grandson, King Henry VI of England, who was to succeed him according to the Treaty of Troyes.At the same time, Margaret's brother-in-law Charles VII claimed the crown for himself. After her marriage and move to Burgundy, Margaret continued to support her family in England and remain a prominent figure in Burgundy for the rest of her life. John the Fearless (French: Jean sans Peur ; Dutch: Jan zonder Vrees; 28 May 1371 – 10 September 1419) was a scion of the French royal family who ruled the Burgundian State from 1404 until his death in 1419. In 1480, the next child of Mary and Maximilian was a girl: the Duke and Duchess named her Margaret, after the dowager Duchess. The pair were married the next day, on 18 August. Nonetheless, her husband paid little attention to her begging; when he decided to support Edward, it was when he had decided for himself that it was in his best interests to oppose the Lancastrian rule of England, backed as it was by a France which had in early December 1470 been encouraged by the English situation to declare war on Burgundy. She died childless in Paris in February 1442. The volume is now in the Huntington Library, San Marino, California. Maximilian brokered a personal peace with Louis by arranging for his daughter, Margaret, to be betrothed to the young Dauphin of France; she was sent to be raised at the French court, taking with her the Free County of Burgundy and the County of Artois with her as a dowry. Demand, Ursula, Ulrike Paschell, and Ulrike Schulte. She also provided her mother-in-law, Isabel, with information on the progress of Edward's campaign to regain the throne: it was she, for example, who replied to Isabel's questions over alleged disrespectful treatment of the Earl of Warwick, by explaining that Edward had "heard that nobody in the city believed that Warwick and his brother were dead, so he [Edward] had their bodies brought to St Paul's where they were laid out and uncovered from the chest upwards in the sight of everybody." It was in the wake of her husband's death that Margaret proved truly invaluable to Burgundy. MARGARET, Duchess of Burgundy (1446–1503), was the third daughter of Richard, duke of York, by Cecily Nevill, daughter of Ralph, first earl of Westmorland. But the next year, Margaret was left despairing when Clarence and Warwick supported a French backed Lancastrian invasion of England, although she together with her mother Cecily, Dowager Duchess of York, attempted to reconcile Clarence and Edward the rebellion continued, and on 2 October 1470 the Lancastrians were returned to power and Edward had fled to Margaret and Charles in Burgundy. Margaret’s brother Richard usurped the throne from his nephew Edward V. Margaret and Maximilian supported Richard hoping he would subsidize their efforts against France. She was the Duchess of … Charles then left for Bruges, allowing the new Duchess the honour of entering separately a few hours later. Continued talks were required, particularly since Charles was unwilling to marry his only child and potential heiress to George, Duke of Clarence, and these talks were undertaken by Anthony, Grand Bastard of Burgundy, Charles's half-brother. By the terms of the marriage contract, Margaret retained her rights to the English throne, and her dowry was promised to Burgundy even if she died within the first year (often, the dowry would return to the bride's family under such circumstances). By 1476, the Duke was regarded as a tyrant by his people, who were suffering from the French refusal to export their wine and bread to Burgundy, and who dreaded his terrible reprisals against rebels being unleashed on them. Their childless marriage ended with Louis' death in 1415. From the personal point of view, this was a harsh blow to Margaret; politically, Mary's death weakened the Burgundian state further. In the 1972 BBC drama The Shadow of the Tower she was played by Rachel Kempson. Margaret of Nevers (French: Marguerite; December 1393 – February 1442), also known as Margaret of Burgundy, was Dauphine of France and Duchess of Guyenne as the daughter-in-law of King Charles VI of France.
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