For the country from 1949 to 1990, see. Following the Napoleonic Wars and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the German Confederation was formed in 1815. Mai 2013 in Berlin", "Official membership statistics of the Roman Catholic Church in Germany 2016", "Official membership statistics of the Evangelical Church in Germany 2016", "Bevölkerung im regionalen Vergleich nach Religion (ausführlich) -in %-", "Zensus 2011 – Fakten zur Bevölkerung in Deutschland" am 31. Mai 2011", Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany), "Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund um 8,5 % gestiegen", "International Migration Report 2015 – Highlights", "Pressekonferenz "Zensus 2011 – Fakten zur Bevölkerung in Deutschland" am 31. [124], Germany is a federal, parliamentary, representative democratic republic. The Federal Republic of Germany was a founding member of the European Economic Community and the European Union, while the German Democratic Republic was a communist Eastern Bloc state and member of the Warsaw Pact. membership in NATO, and the "deepening" of integration among current members of the EU. In the German Revolution (November 1918), Emperor Wilhelm II and the ruling princes abdicated their positions, and Germany was declared a federal republic. [83] Around 12 million ethnic Germans were expelled from across Eastern Europe, and Germany lost roughly one-quarter of its pre-war territory. [263] The Leipzig Book Fair also retains a major position in Europe. But after a ruling of the Federal Constitutional Court in 1994 the term "defence" has been defined to not only include protection of the borders of Germany, but also crisis reaction and conflict prevention, or more broadly as guarding the security of Germany anywhere in the world. Germany's television market is the largest in Europe, with some 38 million TV households. This action marked the effective end to any discussion of reuniting East and West Germany. This had devastating effects on the GDR, where regular mass demonstrations received increasing support. 英語表記は Federal Republic of Germany 。通称は Germany ([ˈʤɜrməni] ジャーマニ)。略称はFRG。 Germany はラテン語の Germania （ゲルマニア：「ゲルマン人の地」の意味）に由来し、地名としての … Medal of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Verdienstmedaille {f} des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschlandpol. Federal Republic of Germany is established, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/federal-republic-of-germany-is-established. Including indirect and induced impacts, the industry supports 4.2 million jobs. After World War II, broad trends in German art include neo-expressionism and the New Leipzig School. At ...read more, On May 23, 1945, Heinrich Himmler, chief of the SS, assistant chief of the Gestapo, and architect of Hitler’s program to exterminate European Jews, dies by suicide one day after being arrested by the British. [75] In the spring of 1940, Germany conquered Denmark and Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France, forcing the French government to sign an armistice. [86] East Germany selected East Berlin as its capital, while West Germany chose Bonn as a provisional capital, to emphasise its stance that the two-state solution was temporary. © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the semi-presidential Weimar Republic. 1050-1500)-language text, Articles containing Proto-Germanic-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Officially the Republic of China, participates as ", This page was last edited on 21 April 2021, at 03:35. [265], The largest internationally operating media companies in Germany are the Bertelsmann enterprise, Axel Springer SE and ProSiebenSat.1 Media. German beer consumption per person stands at 110 litres (24 imp gal; 29 US gal) in 2013 and remains among the highest in the world. [189], With its central position in Europe, Germany is a transport hub for the continent. Well-known German authors include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing and Theodor Fontane. Answers an ocean apart", "Shaping Globalization – Expanding Partner-ships – Sharing Responsibility: A strategy paper by the German Government", "U.S.-German Economic Relations Factsheet", "Germany, foreign aid, and the elusive 0.7%", "White House considers withdrawing 9,500 US soldiers from Germany", "Germany to abolish compulsory military service", "Marching orders for conscription in Germany, but what will take its place? Elevation ranges from the mountains of the Alps (highest point: the Zugspitze at 2,963 metres or 9,721 feet) in the south to the shores of the North Sea (Nordsee) in the northwest and the Baltic Sea (Ostsee) in the northeast. In 2019[update], the principal cause of death was cardiovascular disease, at 37%. Arrival at Sorting Center,FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY DEDEFRAA. Aus Wiktionary, dem freien Wörterbuch. [195], In 2015[update], Germany was the world's seventh-largest consumer of energy. Current, clear and coherent. [220] Most of the Muslims are Sunnis and Alevites from Turkey, but there are a small number of Shi'ites, Ahmadiyyas and other denominations. [22], Charlemagne founded the Carolingian Empire in 800; it was divided in 843[26] and the Holy Roman Empire emerged from the eastern portion. [98] The relocation of the government was completed in 1999, and modernisation of the east German economy was scheduled to last until 2019. [56] Germany lost around 13% of its European territory and ceded all of its colonial possessions in Africa and the South Sea. [45] In light of revolutionary movements in Europe, intellectuals and commoners started the revolutions of 1848 in the German states, raising the German Question. Also in Renaissance and Baroque art, regional and typically German elements evolved (e.g. Occupying a two-block section of Fifth Avenue between 40th and 42nd Streets, the ...read more, At London’s Execution Dock, British privateer William Kidd, popularly known as Captain Kidd, is hanged for piracy and murder. Bread is a significant part of German cuisine and German bakeries produce about 600 main types of bread and 1,200 types of pastries and rolls (Brötchen). [188] Germany is the largest contributor to the European Space Agency. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. [242] A global opinion poll for the BBC revealed that Germany is recognised for having the most positive influence in the world in 2013 and 2014. Historically, Germany has been called Das Land der Dichter und Denker ("the land of poets and thinkers"),[241] because of the major role its writers and philosophers have played in the development of Western thought. [94] In 1989, Hungary decided to dismantle the Iron Curtain and open its border with Austria, causing the emigration of thousands of East Germans to West Germany via Hungary and Austria. [284] The driver Michael Schumacher has set many motor sport records during his career, having won seven Formula One World Drivers' Championships. Richard Wagner was known for his operas. [59][60][61], The worldwide Great Depression hit Germany in 1929. In 1941, German troops invaded Yugoslavia, Greece and the Soviet Union. [153] In 2018, military spending was at $49.5 billion, about 1.2% of the country's GDP, well below the NATO target of 2%. Primary education usually lasts for four to six years. [151] It was the world's second-biggest aid donor in 2019 after the United States. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. 5 out of 5 stars (1,222) 1,222 reviews $ 2.99. Reporter Dana Milbank recounted how Bush fell from his mountain ...read more, The music industry is notorious for its creative accounting practices and for onerous contracts that can keep even some top-selling artists perpetually in debt to their record labels. Ludwig van Beethoven was a crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras. Most taxation is decided by the federal government and the states together, some are allocated solely at the federal … Although Konrad Adenauer, the president of the council and future president of West Germany, proudly proclaimed, “Today a new Germany arises,” the occasion was not a festive one. Following the War of Austrian Succession and the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, Charles VI's daughter Maria Theresa ruled as Empress Consort when her husband, Francis I, became Emperor. Juni 1991 zur Vollendung der Einheit Deutschlands", "In East Germany, a Decline as Stark as a Wall", "Germany is planning a Bosnia withdrawal", "Germany to extend Afghanistan military mission", "Germany agrees on 50-billion-euro stimulus plan", "Government declaration by Angela Merkel", "Migrant crisis: Migration to Europe explained in seven charts", "Average monthly temperature in Germany from February 2019 to February 2020", "Average monthly precipitation in Germany from February 2019 to February 2020", "Average monthly sunshine hours in Germany from February 2019 to February 2020", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Climate impact of farming, land use (change) and forestry in Germany", "Spruce, pine, beech, oak – the most common tree species", "Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany", "Germany's political parties CDU, CSU, SPD, AfD, FDP, Left party, Greens – what you need to know", "German elections: Far-right wins MPs for first time in half a century", "Example for state constitution: "Constitution of the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia, Landtag (state assembly) of North Rhine-Westphalia, "Verwaltungsgliederung in Deutschland am 30 June 2017 – Gebietsstand: 30 June 2017 (2. Germany's system of hospitals, called Krankenhäuser, dates from medieval times, and today, Germany has the world's oldest universal health care system, dating from Bismarck's social legislation of the 1880s. [33] From the Cologne War through the Thirty Years' Wars (1618–1648), religious conflict devastated German lands and significantly reduced the population. The English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. [129] Each state has its own constitution,[130] and is largely autonomous in regard to its internal organisation. [29] Population declined starting with the Great Famine in 1315, followed by the Black Death of 1348–50. [250] German popular music of the 20th and 21st centuries includes the movements of Neue Deutsche Welle, pop, Ostrock, heavy metal/rock, punk, pop rock, indie, Volksmusik (folk music), schlager pop and German hip hop. [13] The first non-modern human fossil (the Neanderthal) was discovered in the Neander Valley. Many direct and indirect taxes exist in Germany; income tax and VAT are the most significant. [116], Plants and animals include those generally common to Central Europe. After the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War, the German princes proclaimed the founding of the German Empire in 1871. 1 Kommentar 1. Germany was the last country to host both the summer and winter games in the same year, in 1936: the Berlin Summer Games and the Winter Games in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. [142], Germany has a network of 227 diplomatic missions abroad[144] and maintains relations with more than 190 countries. [99][100], Since reunification, Germany has taken a more active role in the European Union, signing the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 and the Lisbon Treaty in 2007,[101] and co-founding the Eurozone. [231] The established universities in Germany include some of the oldest in the world, with Heidelberg University (established in 1386) being the oldest. As of 2017[update], the German military has about 3,600 troops stationed in foreign countries as part of international peacekeeping forces, including about 1,200 supporting operations against Daesh, 980 in the NATO-led Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan, and 800 in Kosovo. According to the World Health Organization, Germany's health care system was 77% government-funded and 23% privately funded as of 2013[update]. bab.la ist für diese Inhalte nicht verantwortlich. This permitted German reunification on 3 October 1990, with the accession of the five re-established states of the former GDR. [17] The Nebra sky disk, created during the European Bronze Age, is attributed to a German site. Similarly dated evidence of modern humans has been found in the Swabian Jura, including 42,000-year-old flutes which are the oldest musical instruments ever found, the 40,000-year-old Lion Man, and the 35,000-year-old Venus of Hohle Fels.
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